SOM is made of organic compounds that are highly enriched in carbon. SOM is a heterogeneous mixture of materials that range in stage of decomposition from fresh plant residues to highly decomposed material known as humus. Proper restoration techniques can help restore terrestrial ecosystem functions.įundamentals of Soil Organic CarbonSoil organic matter is composed of soil microbes including bacteria and fungi, decaying material from once-living organisms such as plant and animal tissues, fecal material, and products formed from their decomposition. Restoration of organic matter levels in soil requires an understanding of the ecological processes important for SOM storage. Soil disturbance also leads to increased erosion and nutrient leaching from soils, which have led to eutrophication and resultant algal blooms within inland aquatic and coastal ecosystems, ultimately resulting in dead zones in the ocean (Fig. For example, destruction of rainforests that hold a significant amount of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems contributes significantly to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels linked to climate change, while reductions in SOM levels from soil disturbance from mining can impact infiltration of rainfall and the storage of soil moisture important for flood mitigation. Only in recent history has the understanding of soil productivity been tied to SOM levels, with the depletion of SOM stocks often leading to large-scale impacts on whole ecosystems as well as the entire planet. Since the beginnings of recorded history, societies have understood that human activities can deplete soil productivity and the ability to produce food (McNeill and Winiwarter 2004). SOM improves soil structure and reduces erosion, leading to improved water quality in groundwater and surface waters, and ultimately to increased food security and decreased negative impacts to ecosystems. Benefits of soil organic matter (SOM) include improvement of soil quality through increased retention of water and nutrients, resulting in greater productivity of plants in natural environments and agricultural settings. Some Japanese first names, such as Mayumi, Kaneko, Masuko, and Arata, can also be used as surnames.Western names have gained popularity in Japan but traditional Japanese names remain highly valued, showcasing Japan's unique naming tradition.Organic matter is a key component of soil that affects its physical, chemical, and biological properties, contributing greatly to its proper functioning on which human societies depend. ![]() Positive traits and goals are embodied by names such as Haruki, meaning spring and radiance, and Hiroshi, meaning generous and kind. Parents choose names that signify positive attributes or express their aspirations for the child's future success. Buddhist names are frequently associated with enlightenment, virtue, or religious notions.Names in Japanese culture also tend to reflect the parents' hopes for their children. Furthermore, Buddhism, which was introduced to Japan via Korea and China ( 4), also shows its influence in Japanese names. Many baby boy names are associated with Shinto deities, historical characters, or natural and spiritual elements. Shinto, Japan's indigenous religion ( 3), has a great influence on naming customs. Four-syllable names are mostly given to the eldest sons in a family.Religious beliefs also play a factor in the naming of boys in Japan. ![]() Most first names in Japan have one, two, or three kanji. ![]() Many Japanese names for boys are derived from kanji, and the characters chosen often hold symbolic meanings related to nature, virtues, or desired attributes. Even though Japanese names are written in kanji, they are still quite distinctive and can easily be differentiated from Chinese names. It is evident in their use of kanji characters, which were adopted from Chinese script ( 2). These names often combine ancient customs, religious beliefs, and linguistic influences.The Japanese have been influenced by Chinese culture, which spread particularly during the Tang dynasty ( 1). Like most cultures, Japanese baby boy names are influenced by their history, culture, and traditions.
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